云南松花粉精粉及其加工产品的成分分析及评价

对以云南松破壁松花粉为原料 ,采用具创新性生物技术研制的云南松花粉脂提物精粉、活性酶精粉、黄酮精粉、营养及活性物质精粉 ,以及用此 4种精粉经加工而获得的亚油酸软胶囊、口服 0 #胶囊、黄酮药片 (胶囊 )、精粉口服液和松花粉酮酒 5种产品的成分进行了分析 ,了解到它们相关成分的含量。分析结果表明 ,4种云南松花粉精粉具有速溶性好、营养及生物活性物质集中的特点 ,其主要营养及生物活性物质含量数倍于破壁松花粉。以其为原料加工的各项产品很好地保留了精粉的主要功能成分 ,因而对人体具有更高的保健、医疗功效。     

国外松枯梢病的松色二孢菌9个菌株生物学特性的研究

对来自不同发病程度，不同地点的国外松枯梢病松色二孢菌的９个菌株的生产，产孢等生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明，各菌株生长的最适温度为２５－３０℃，ＰＨ值为６－７，相对湿度为９０％以上；９２４５、Ｈ２１二菌株对湿度在培养其中加入１‰的硼对各菌株的生长和产孢有不同程度的抑制作用，尤以抑制产孢最明显，表现出硼对国外枯病的发生，发展有一定的控制作用。     

马尾松对松材线虫病抗病性差异的研究进展

松材线虫病是松树的一种毁灭性病害,不同种源的马尾松的抗病性存在差异.就马尾松对松材线虫病的抗病性差异研究进展进行了综述.目前,马尾松抗病性的研究主要有以下5个方面:①不同树龄与抗病性之间的关系;②不同地理种源马尾松对松材线虫病抗病性的差异;③与种源抗病性有关的主要成分;④马尾松的诱导抗病性;⑤马尾松抗病育种.马尾松的抗病性与多种因素有关系,通常具有抗性的马尾松一般生长状况较好;马尾松的抗病物质很复杂,到目前为止,人们已经发现了马尾松的一些抗病物质的种类,并对这些物质的结构进行了研究,但对这些抗性物质的产生和马尾松抗病机理还有待于进一步的研究.     

Signals of summer drought in crown condition data from the German Level I network

Crown transparency estimates of Scots pine, Norway spruce, common beech, pedunculate and sessile oak, annually surveyed between 1990 and 2004 within a grid over Germany, provide a suitable response variable to study drought effects on forest trees. Major climatic factors, available on a monthly basis as plot-specifically interpolated values and parameters of site and stand conditions, biotic and other relevant factors were used as predictors in different cross- and length-sectional, and longitudinal models. Stand age is a considerable and most constant driver of crown transparency in all species. Pine, spruce and beech responded—mainly with a delay of 1 year—with some foliar loss in areas where there was a surplus of temperature after the generally hot and dry summer of 2003. Parallel time-series analyses delivered species-specific geographic large-scale patterns with delayed or recent precipitation deficits or temperature surpluses. Even if beech is partly responding in current years with leaf loss towards precipitation surpluses, defoliation is especially high 1 year after hot summers, partly a result of high seed sets after such summers. Crown condition of oak responds in dry and warm areas according to the drought stress hypothesis, however, in cool and wet mountainous ranges oak responds after wet summers with higher defoliation. Longitudinal approaches revealed for all 4-tree species significant relationships between crown condition and deviations from the long-term means of temperature, precipitation but also global radiation and wind speed. Results do not always match the drought stress hypothesis, however, this is not to expect considering the heterogeneous site, stand and climatic conditions across Germany. Complex interactions of climatic and biotic factors also impede simple relationships. Soil-related clusters reveal higher sensitivity of spruce and beech towards climatic drought factors on more acid soils with thin humus layers. Also clusters constructed from plot-specific courses of defoliation reveal groups with rather closer relationships like a group of pine plots in the Oberpfalz, which seems to be especially sensitive to summer drought.     

马尾松天然林自由授粉家系幼龄期生长性状的遗传变异

本文采用27个马尾松天然林优树自由授粉家系苗期和幼龄期的材料,分析了高径和冠幅等生长性状的遗传变异。结果表明:在苗期和幼龄期,树高和地径的遗传变异性很大,呈中度至强度遗传,遗传力有随年龄增大而减少,并渐为稳定的趋势。性状间呈高度遗传相关。     

松毛虫发生世代与世代分化

本文论述松毛虫发生世代和世代分化的复杂性,包括落叶松毛虫、马尾松毛虫、赤松毛虫和油松毛虫等。发生世代因地区不同而异。在同一地区,由于松毛虫幼虫的滞育,常出现世代分化。世代分化比例在不同地区、不同年份、不同松林和不同树木之间都有差异。在同一地方,不同年份也有差异。滞育与幼虫孵化期、气候、生态条件和食料有关。本文还讨论了“油松毛虫发育起点温度和有效积温的研究”〔林业科学,1987,23(3)〕的有关问题。     

提高低密度杨桦林林分生产力的经营技术

对低密度的杨桦林经营过程中需要解决的主要技术问题进行了研究，包括上层林及林冠下栽植密度的确定，最小栽植空间的确认以及红松最适宜的透光时间和透光方法。     

Soil properties under a Pinus radiata – ryegrass silvopastoral system in New Zealand. Part II. C and N of soil microbial biomass, and soil N dynamics

At present, our understanding of the dynamics of microbial biomass and soil N in silvopastoral systems is very limited. In this paper, the effects of understorey management on soil microbial C and N, net N mineralization, and net nitrification were studied in two seven-year-old radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) – pasture systems, consisting of plots with and without ryegrass (Lolium perenne) as an understorey. Mini-plots (1 × 1 m) with animals excluded and herbage repeatedly clipped and removed were used for soil sampling. Three mini-plots formed a transect at each of two positions: 0.9 and 3.5 m north of the tree rows. Measurements were taken from July 1997 to June 1998 about once every 40 days. One composite sample was collected from each of two sampling depths (0–10 and 10–20 cm) at each transect position on each sampling date. Temporal and spatial variability of N mineralization rates and microbial biomass C and N was large. Net mineralization and nitrification rates were higher in the bare ground than in the ryegrass plots for a major part of the year, particularly from late spring to early fall. Net N mineralization and nitrification rates were higher in the 0–10 than in the 10–20 cm soil layers in both the ryegrass and bare ground treatments; however, the depth effect on microbial biomass C and N was only significant in the ryegrass treatment. In the surface soil layer, microbial biomass C and N were substantially greater in the ryegrass than in the bare ground plots. Soil microbial properties and activities were closely linked to pasture root activities, soil depth, and site biophysical conditions. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

超声波辅助提取红松仁油

近年来,超声波辅助提取已成为天然产物分离中一种有效的方法.本文研究了利用超声波辅助提取技术从红松仁中提取红松仁油的工艺条件,系统分析了超声频率、提取温度、提取时间和料液比等参数对红松仁油提取率的影响.结果表明,最佳的提取条件为:超声频率为32 000 Hz,超声温度为80 ℃,超声时间为50 min,料液比为1:30.     

应用遥感、人工神经网络叶面积模型和模拟过程模型估计湿地松人工林碳储量

全球气候变化引起人们对森林碳固定作用的关注。碳存储速率依赖于生态系统流通量(光合作用和生态系统呼吸),量化为净生态系统二氧化碳交换。在没有密集采样点的情况下,我们需要采用估测森林净生态系统交换的方法准确地估计林分水平和更大尺度的碳固定量。本文通过祸合遥感估算的叶面积指数和生长过程拟合模型,估计了佛罗里达州内9 770公顷湿地松人工林一年里净生态系统交换总量。地面图神经网络模型和陆地卫星数据估计的森林叶面积指数平均值是1.06(数值范围0-3.93,包括森林边界)。输入神经网络叶面积指数值,湿地松拟合模型(SPM2)估计的森林净生态交换值在-5.52 Mg·hm-2·a-1到11.06Mg·hm-2·a-1之间,平均值是3.47 Mg·hm-2·a-1。年总的碳储量是33920t,约合3.5 t/hm2。估计的叶面积指数和森林净生态交换均对对施肥高度敏感。图3表1参30。